Penerapan Response Surface Methodology dalam Optimasi Kondisi Proses Ekstraksi Antosianin pada Limbah Kulit Kakao dengan Metode Maserasi Menggunakan Pelarut Etanol

Abstract

Anthocyanins are present in high concentration in cocoa peels. The purpose of this study is to identify
the relationship between each input variables and to develop predictive models used in optimizing the
conditions of the anthocyanin extraction process. Extraction of anthocyanins in cocoa peels was carried
out using the maceration method. Extraction process conditions such as particle size (0,105; 0,125; 0,149;
0,177; 0,25 mm), material/solvent ratio (0,0045; 0,0125; 0,0375; 0,0625; 0,0795 g/mL), and optimum
extraction time (7,5; 24; 48; 72; 79 hour) in the extraction process will affect the obtained concentration of
anthocyanin. The Design Expert vs11 program with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Box-Behnken
Design was used for research and select process conditions from a combination of factors producing the
optimal responses. Relationship between variables and the response of anthocyanin concentration was
modeled by Y=0,2129-0,0483A+0,0816B+0,0069C-0,0219AB-0,0271AC+0,0174BC+0,0298A2 -0,0349B2 +0,0504C2 (A is particle size; B is the ratio of cocoa peel/ethanol; and C is extraction time). The optimal response value of anthocyanin concentration is 0,479 M, with the condition of the particle size at the extraction process of 0,105 mm; the ratio of cocoa peel/ethanol of 0.0625 w/v; extraction time of 72 hours.