Efek promosi Fe terhadap daya katalitik katalis Ni-Fe berpendukung aluminium hidroksida pada hidrogenasi selektif asam levulinat menjadi gamma-valerolakton

Abstract

The promotional effect of iron the catalytic performance of supported Ni-Fe on aluminum hydroxide
(denoted as Ni-Fe(x)/AlOH; x is molar ratio of Ni/Fe) catalysts on the selective hydrogenation of levulinic
acid (LA) into gamma(g)-valerolactone (GVL) has been systematically studied. Ni-Fe(x)/AlOH catalysts
were successfully synthesized using polyol method under hydrothermal condition from the mixture of
Raney Ni supported on aluminum hydroxide (Raney Ni/AlOH) and solution contains ion Fe3+ with molar
ratio of Ni/Fe (x) = 1.0, 1.8, 2.3, 2.8, and 3.0 according to the number of initial precursors. XRD patterns
of the synthesized Ni-Fe(x)/AlOH showed that the diffraction peak of the corresponding Ni(111) species at
2θ = 44.84º shifted to lower diffraction peaks at 2θ = 44.54-44.11 , which can be attributed as the formation of bimetallic alloy Ni-Fe(111) species. The addition of 3.0 mmol Fe in Ni-Fe(3.0)/AlOH catalyst enhanced significantly its activity and selectivity on the selective hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) into γ-valerolactone (GVL) at 130C, initial pressure of H2 3.0 MPa, and reaction time of 1.5 h. Further increasing of reaction temperature, amount of Fe, and reaction time remarkably enhanced the LA conversion and GVL yield up to 100%.